The Coherence of the Qur’an’s Inner Dimensions

In Tafsir al-Tasnim, Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli explores the profound coherence and harmony within the esoteric teachings of the Qur’an, emphasizing that its inner dimensions are as aligned and consistent as its external linguistic and rhetorical structure. The Qur’an’s eloquence and literary unity are not confined to its outward aspects; they extend seamlessly to its esoteric depths, where all meanings, at every level, are interconnected without contradiction. This harmony is an essential feature of the Qur’an as the word of God, for if it had originated from any other source, inconsistencies would have been inevitable: “Were it from [any] other than God, they would have found within it much contradiction” (4:82).

The intrinsic unity of the Qur’an is evident in three dimensions: the coherence among its external verses, the alignment within its esoteric layers, and the relationship between the outward verses and their inner meanings. This interconnectedness underscores the divine origin of the Qur’an and establishes it as a singular, unified message. For exegetes who approach the Qur’an with the proper methodology, particularly those from the Household of the Prophet (a.s.), this coherence becomes a gateway to unveiling the deeper dimensions of the text. By linking the esoteric aspects of the Qur’an with one another and with its outward meanings, they can achieve a comprehensive understanding that reveals the Qur’an’s profound wisdom.

To undertake such an exploration, an exegete must possess the tools necessary for both outward and inward exegesis. For the external interpretation, rational evidence (burhān-i ʿaqlī) and the traditions of the Infallibles (a.s.) are essential. These serve as the foundation for engaging with the Qur’an’s external meanings and contemplating its teachings in depth. For the esoteric dimensions, heart-based insight (ʿirfān-i qalbī) and the traditions that illuminate the Qur’an’s inner aspects are indispensable. This dual approach ensures that the exegete can move confidently through the vertical layers of the Qur’an, bridging the gap between its external form and its inner reality.

The interconnectedness of these dimensions reflects the divine nature of the Qur’an as a fabric that links the heavens and the earth. It carries the weight of revelation and the guardianship (wilāya) bestowed upon the Prophet (s.a.w.) and his Household, empowering those who study it with sincerity to ascend spiritually. The Qur’an’s instruction to “Recite and ascend” extends beyond vocal recitation; it invites a journey of intellectual and spiritual growth. Those who integrate the Qur’an’s external, internal, and practical teachings can progress toward the divine presence, avoiding confusion between the paths of descent and ascent and achieving a holistic understanding.

The multifaceted nature of the Qur’an is another testament to its depth and versatility. A single word or verse can encompass multiple dimensions of meaning, each interconnected with a larger, unified purpose. Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli explains that this multiplicity does not imply conflicting interpretations but rather reflects various facets of a singular truth. The speaker of the Qur’an, God Almighty, possesses infinite knowledge and will, allowing for the simultaneous expression of multiple meanings within a single word or verse. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.), as the primary recipient of the Qur’an, was uniquely endowed with the capacity to comprehend these layered meanings fully. While ordinary individuals may not grasp all these dimensions at once, they can engage with the Qur’an according to their understanding, guided by the principles of Arabic grammar and the Prophetic traditions.

The idea of the Qur’an’s pliability and layered interpretations is highlighted in the famous saying of the Prophet (s.a.w.): “The Qur’an is pliable and has multiple facets; so read it in the best of its facets.” This advice encourages believers to approach the Qur’an with an open mind, seeking interpretations that are coherent, profound, and in harmony with its overall message. However, this pliability is not a license for arbitrary or conflicting interpretations. Instead, it emphasizes the richness of the Qur’an’s guidance and its capacity to address diverse spiritual and intellectual needs without compromising its unity.

The multiplicity of meanings is also addressed in the advice of Imam ʿAli (a.s.) to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās regarding debates with the Khawārij. He cautioned against using the Qur’an as the sole basis for argumentation, noting that its multiple explanations could lead to disputes influenced by personal desires. Instead, he emphasized the role of the Sunnah of the Prophet (s.a.w.) as the definitive explainer of the Qur’an’s meanings. This approach underscores that while the Qur’an contains many layers of meaning, these layers must be understood in harmony with each other and with the broader context of Islamic teachings.

In conclusion, the harmony of the esoteric teachings of the Qur’an reflects its divine origin and establishes it as a unified message with interconnected meanings across all dimensions. By employing the proper tools and methodologies, exegetes can uncover these layers and demonstrate the coherence that underpins the Qur’an’s external and internal aspects. This harmony challenges believers to engage deeply with the Qur’an, seeking a comprehensive understanding that transcends superficial readings and reveals the profound wisdom of God’s final revelation.

Reference

Tafsir al-Tasnim (Introduction)