Foreword

By the publisher

In preparing to explore the glimpses of Tafsīr al-Tasnīm by Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī, it is essential to frame our approach and mindset towards this monumental work. This prelude serves as a guiding light for readers embarking on a journey through the depths of Qur'anic exegesis, illuminating the path that lies ahead in the exploration of divine revelation.

Tafsīr al-Tasnīm, a masterpiece of Islamic scholarship, offers a comprehensive and intricate analysis of the Qur'an, rooted in the rich traditions of Shi'a theology and philosophy. Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī, with his profound wisdom and extensive knowledge, invites us into a world where every verse and chapter of the Qur'an is examined through the lens of esoteric and exoteric understanding, seamlessly blending the outer and inner dimensions of Islam's holy scripture.

As we navigate through each section of this preamble or introduction, we are not merely engaging with text; we are embarking on a spiritual journey that seeks to connect the human heart with divine wisdom. The forewords provided for each chapter aim to encapsulate the essence of the teachings within, offering readers a glimpse into the thematic focus and the invaluable lessons to be gleaned.

It is with humble hearts and minds open to divine guidance that we should approach Tafsīr al-Tasnīm. This prelude, therefore, is an invitation to readers to immerse themselves in the ocean of Ayatollah Amuli's insights, with the hope that this exploration deepens our understanding of the Qur'an, enriches our faith, and guides us on the path towards spiritual enlightenment.

As we turn the pages of this remarkable work, let us remain mindful of the profound impact that the Qur'an, interpreted through the wisdom of Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī, can have on our lives, guiding us towards righteousness, understanding, and ultimately, closeness to the Divine.

Part 1

Part 1 of this preamble explores the unique and profound nature of the Qur'an as a divine guide for humanity. Unlike conventional scholarly works, the Qur'an employs a multifaceted approach to impart wisdom and guidance, seamlessly integrating teachings across various dimensions of human experience. This section illuminates the Qur'an's clarity in delivering its messages, emphasizing its universal accessibility and the depth of knowledge contained within its verses.

Through examples such as the universal challenge of the Qur'an (17:88) and the nuanced levels of Qur'anic knowledge (ʿibārāt, ishārāt, laṭāʾif, and ḥaqāʾiq), the reader is invited to appreciate the scripture's ability to engage diverse audiences, from the common people to the prophets. The section underscores the importance of repeated guidance to counter the persistent influences of misguidance, illustrating the Qur'an's role as a constant source of light in the face of spiritual and moral challenges.

Furthermore, by highlighting specific instances and the avoidance of generalizations, the text demonstrates the Qur'an's preference for concrete examples over abstract concepts, enriching the reader's understanding and connection to divine teachings. This approach not only facilitates deeper reflection but also encourages the application of these teachings in daily life.

As we navigate through this section, it becomes evident that the Qur'an transcends the limitations of human-authored texts, offering a holistic guide that addresses the intellectual, spiritual, and moral facets of human life. This foreword aims to prepare readers for the insightful journey into the Qur'an's unique method of expounding knowledge, inviting them to explore its wisdom with an open heart and mind.

Part 2

Part 2 embarks on a meticulous exploration of the various methodologies underpinning Qur'anic exegesis, offering a nuanced understanding of the sacred text's interpretation. At its core, this section distinguishes between textual and intellectual approaches to exegesis, further elaborating on the controversial realm of exegesis by opinion. Through a thoughtful examination of these distinct methods, readers are invited to appreciate the intricacies of navigating the Qur'an's profound depths—highlighting the quintessential role of the scripture interpreting itself, the indispensable contributions of the Prophetic Sunnah, and the dynamic interplay between intellectual reasoning and textual evidence in unlocking the Qur'an's layered meanings.

This section serves as a pivotal guide for discerning the appropriate contexts and frameworks for engaging with the Qur'an's divine wisdom. By carefully addressing the potential for conflict between various sources and approaches, it also charts a path towards reconciling these differences, ensuring a coherent and comprehensive approach to understanding the Qur'an. Through this detailed discourse, the reader is equipped not only with knowledge of the different exegetical methods but also with the discernment needed to apply them effectively, thereby enriching their engagement with the Qur'an's sacred text.

As we proceed, this foreword invites readers to approach Part 2 with an open mind and a keen sense of inquiry, ready to explore the complex yet rewarding endeavor of Qur'anic exegesis. This section promises to enhance the reader's appreciation for the depth and breadth of Qur'anic wisdom, setting a solid foundation for the insightful journey through Tafsīr al-Tasnīm.

Part 3

Part 3 unfolds as a profound journey into the heart of the Qur'anic message, exploring the intricate web of meanings that form the spiritual and intellectual universe of the Qur'an. It explores the methodologies and principles of Qur'an-by-Qur'an exegesis, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between verses, their thematic connections, and the layers of meaning that emerge from within the text itself.

This section is a testament to the depth and richness of the Qur'an, illustrating that its verses are not isolated islands of wisdom but interconnected realms of divine knowledge. It underscores the notion that the Qur'an elucidates itself through its own language, structure, and internal coherence, offering readers a pathway to its deeper understanding. By navigating through various categories of exegesis, from the straightforward to the complex, from the explicit to the implicitly understood, this section opens up new vistas for appreciating the Qur'an's comprehensive guidance.

Moreover, the section embarks on a philosophical exploration of the Qur'an's multi-dimensional nature, revealing how it encompasses not just legal and ethical directives but also profound metaphysical truths and existential queries. It presents the Qur'an as a living text, ever-relevant and capable of engaging with the changing realities of human existence while remaining anchored in the eternal wisdom of God.

This section also emphasizes the indispensable role of rational inquiry and the traditions of the Infallibles (a.s.) in accessing the esoteric depths of the Qur'an. It posits that a true understanding of the Qur'an requires not only intellectual engagement but also a heart illuminated by faith and insight. The discussion on the multiplicity of meanings within the Qur'an challenges readers to approach the sacred text with humility and openness to its boundless wisdom.

In essence, this section is a profound reflection on the nature of the Qur'an as a divine text that guides, challenges, and nurtures the human spirit. It invites readers to embark on a journey of discovery, to contemplate the signs within themselves and the universe, and to seek the light of God's guidance. This section, rich in scholarly rigor and spiritual insight, serves as a bridge connecting the external form of the Qur'an with its inner spirit, urging us to aspire towards the exalted status of divine vicegerency through the pursuit of knowledge and the purification of the self.

Part 4

Part 4 explores the complex interplay between the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the intrinsic role of reason in Islamic jurisprudence and theology, presenting a nuanced exploration of how these sources of knowledge and authority are understood, validated, and applied in the realm of Islamic teachings. The section begins by emphasizing the central role of the Qur'an as the primary source of divine guidance, immutable and eternal, transcending spatial and temporal boundaries. It underscores the Qur'an's universality, highlighting its applicability across the expanse of time and space, thereby reinforcing its position as a foundational text that speaks to the human condition in every era.

The discussion then shifts to the critical examination of the Sunnah, particularly the sayings and practices of the Infallibles (a.s.), as a complementary source of divine guidance alongside the Qur'an. It articulates the nuanced distinctions between the definitive and non-definitive Sunnah, elucidating the criteria for their validation and authority within the Islamic tradition. This part of the section stresses the importance of evaluating the Sunnah in light of the Qur'an to ensure congruence with the divine message and to avoid contradictions that could undermine the credibility and authority of the Sunnah.

A significant portion of the section is dedicated to the role of reason (ʿaql) as an independent yet harmonious source of knowledge alongside the Qur'an and the Sunnah. It discusses how rational demonstration, or the demonstrative intellect, serves as a divine proof, guiding believers in understanding and applying the teachings of Islam. The section illustrates how reason helps to discern the underlying principles of faith, providing a rational foundation for belief in core Islamic tenets such as monotheism, prophethood, and the afterlife.

Furthermore, the section explores the intricate process of interpreting and applying Qur'anic verses and ḥadīths, outlining a methodological approach that respects the hierarchical relationship between these sources of knowledge. It emphasizes the need for a systematic and comprehensive examination of both the Qur'an and the Sunnah, underscoring the interdependence and inseparability of these two weighty things (thaqalayn) in understanding and practicing Islam.

In sum, the section presents a thoughtful analysis of the dynamic relationship between the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and reason within Islamic epistemology. It offers insights into the principles and methodologies employed by Muslim scholars to navigate the complexities of religious texts, ensuring that the interpretation and application of Islamic teachings remain faithful to the essence of the divine message. This section serves as a valuable resource for readers seeking to deepen their understanding of the foundations of Islamic knowledge and the mechanisms by which it is preserved, interpreted, and implemented.

Part 5

In Part 5, the discussion advances into a profound exploration of the intricacies of interpreting the Qur'an, emphasizing the paramount role of the demonstrative intellect (ʿaql burhānī), safeguarded from the fallacies that often cloud human reasoning. This section explores the essentiality of logical demonstration and empirical observation in unpacking the universe's origins, as well as the attributes and names of the Divine through scientific scrutiny and logical exposition.

The narrative unfolds to reveal how the intellect, in its capacity as God's inner messenger, becomes a pivotal source for extracting the teachings embedded within the Qur'an and the Sunnah, juxtaposing the intellect's role as both a lamp illuminating the path and a source nurturing the journey of understanding.

Furthermore, the section intricately details how the interpretation of Qur'anic verses and ḥadīth should navigate the realms of certainty, distinguishing between logical necessity and mere habitual occurrence, especially in the context of miracles, which defy habitual norms yet align with rational possibilities.

This exploration culminates in emphasizing the detrimental effects of sidelining the Prophet's Household (Ahl al-bayt), the rightful custodians of the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the intellect. Their isolation from the realms of Islamic scholarship and leadership deprives the ummah of a comprehensive and enriched understanding of Islam. Through their unparalleled grasp of the Qur'an's depth, the profound wisdom in their Sunnah, and their unparalleled contribution to rational thought, the section makes a compelling case for their indispensable role in the holistic understanding of Islamic teachings.

This section not only enriches the reader's comprehension of Islamic exegesis but also underscores the intertwined relationship between divine revelation, prophetic teachings, and rational inquiry in the pursuit of religious truth.

Part 6

Part 6 of this introduction explores the nuanced and intricate realm of interpreting the Qur'an, a subject that demands both scholarly rigor and spiritual insight. It presents a thoughtful exploration of the boundaries between interpretation based on divine guidance and that based on personal opinion. This distinction is crucial, as it underscores the reverence and precision required when engaging with the Qur'an, ensuring that interpretations remain anchored in authenticity and respect for the divine word.

The section begins by laying a foundational understanding of interpretation, emphasizing that it is not merely an academic exercise but a sacred duty that must be approached with humility and a profound sense of responsibility. It highlights the importance of adhering to the linguistic, cultural, and historical context of the Qur'an, while also being open to the depth and breadth of its wisdom. The discussion on the role of pre-existing knowledge and presuppositions in interpretation serves as a reminder that while human intellect and scholarly tools are essential, they must be wielded with caution to avoid imposing personal biases on the sacred text.

One of the most compelling aspects of this section is its exploration of the concept of interpretation by opinion (tafsīr bi-l-ra'y), which is meticulously analyzed through various lenses, including theological, philosophical, and linguistic. The distinction between valid scholarly inference and mere speculation is made clear, with the former being a pursuit of truth guided by the principles of Islamic scholarship and the latter a path that leads away from the intended meanings of the Qur'an.

The section also discusses the unique challenges and responsibilities of the exegete, emphasizing the need for purity of intention, depth of knowledge, and an unwavering commitment to seeking guidance from the Qur'an itself, as well as from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) and the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.). This holistic approach ensures that interpretation remains a process of discovery and enlightenment, rather than an exercise in intellectual dominance or egoism.

Furthermore, the section addresses the spiritual dimensions of interpreting the Qur'an, suggesting that true understanding requires not only intellectual engagement but also spiritual purification and openness to divine guidance. It invites readers to reflect on their approach to the Qur'an, encouraging a relationship with the text that is both thoughtful and heartful.

In sum, Part 6 serves as a comprehensive guide to interpreting the Qur'an with fidelity to its divine origin and purpose. It offers invaluable insights for scholars, students, and spiritual seekers alike, urging them to approach this sacred duty with the reverence, humility, and dedication it deserves. This section is not just an academic discourse but a spiritual journey, inviting readers to deepen their connection with the Qur'an and, by extension, with their Creator.

Part 7

Part 7 ventures into the nuanced examination of the influence of exegetes' perspectives and the occasions of revelation on Qur'anic interpretation. It elucidates how, akin to the realm of jurisprudence, the insights and interpretations offered by exegetes serve more as scholarly aids than authoritative mandates. This distinction underscores the independent and critical approach necessary for interpreting the Qur'an, emphasizing the non-infallibility of exegetes, ranging from the Companions to contemporary scholars.

Furthermore, the section explores the multifaceted nature of narrations concerning the occasions of revelation. It classifies them based on their historical accounts, reliability, and chain of transmission, showcasing their varying degrees of influence on interpretative endeavors. Central to this discussion is the assertion that while specific occasions of revelation provide context and depth to the understanding of verses, they do not confine the timeless and universal application of the Qur'an's guidance.

In navigating these discussions, the section invites readers to appreciate the complexity and the careful considerations required in Qur'anic interpretation. It affirms the eternal relevance and applicability of the Qur'an, transcending temporal and spatial confines, and highlights the pivotal role of divine guidance in illuminating the path for humanity across ages.

Part 8

Part 8 embarks on an exploratory journey into the broader contexts surrounding the revelation of the Qur'an that have traditionally received less attention in Islamic exegesis. It distinguishes between the specific occasions of revelation, which are linked to particular events or circumstances prompting the revelation of individual verses or passages, and the more encompassing concepts of atmosphere and climate of revelation. The atmosphere refers to the conditions and social dynamics present during the revelation of an entire sūrah, capturing the general spirit and challenges of the time. In contrast, the climate of revelation encompasses the entirety of the 23-year period over which the Qur'an was revealed, reflecting the overarching themes, struggles, and evolution of the early Muslim community.

This section endeavors to fill a gap in Qur'anic studies by urging a deeper consideration of the socio-political and spiritual environment in which the Qur'an was revealed. Understanding these contexts is essential for a more comprehensive grasp of the Qur'an's messages, as it situates its teachings within the lived realities of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) and his contemporaries. Through the lens of the atmosphere and climate of revelation, readers are invited to appreciate the Qur'an's relevance across time and space, underscoring its eternal guidance and wisdom for humanity.

Part 9

Part 9 of this work dives into the profound relationship between the Qur'an's timeless wisdom and the ever-evolving inquiries of human intellect. The essence of the Qur'an, depicted as the spiritual nourishment for humanity, is unfolded through a gradual revelation, akin to the progressive nature of human speech. This analogy underscores the Qur'an's adaptability and relevance across the ages, addressing both the universal needs of Islam as the shared spiritual heritage of all monotheistic faiths and the era-specific guidance it provides.

This section illuminates the crucial role of contemporary religious thinkers, urging them to be astutely aware of the current scientific discourse, ensuring a grounded understanding of Qur'anic verses without succumbing to ambiguities. It underscores the necessity for today's scholars to re-engage with the Qur'an, seeking answers to modern questions and doubts that were unasked in past scholarly endeavors. Addressing the provocative insinuations of secularism, which attempt to divorce religious guidance from societal and political realms, this section robustly argues for the authoritative role of prophetic examples in all facets of life, including governance and social justice. Through a meticulous examination of Qur'anic verses, it refutes the notion of secularism, affirming the comprehensive scope of divine guidance in leading humanity from darkness to light, thus underscoring the integral role of divine law in human governance and societal welfare.

Part 10

Part 10, the final section, serves as a profound conclusion to our exploration of the Qur'an's significance, as seen through the eyes of the Infallibles (a.s.). This section explores the profound and multifaceted attributes of the Qur'an, drawing upon the insightful words of the Prophet (s.a.w.) and the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.). Through a series of narrations, we are introduced to the Qur'an's unparalleled position in the cosmic order, its role as a guide, a healer, and a source of eternal salvation.

We are reminded of the Qur'an's unique status as the first guest of God on the Day of Judgment, its superiority over all creations except God Himself, and its capacity to elevate its bearers to the highest realms of divine proximity. The section beautifully articulates the relationship between the Qur'an, its reciters, and the act of recitation, underscoring the transformative power of engaging with the Qur'an both intellectually and spiritually.

The narrations also highlight the essential connection between understanding, reciting, and acting upon the Qur'an's teachings, illustrating that true knowledge of the Qur'an is not merely academic but deeply intertwined with moral and spiritual growth. This section serves as an eloquent testimony to the timeless wisdom and beauty of the Qur'an, inviting believers to reflect on its verses deeply, to live by its guidance, and to aspire for the elevated status it promises to its sincere followers.

In closing, this section does not merely summarize the attributes of the Qur'an but invites us into a deeper relationship with the divine word, encouraging us to view it as a source of infinite grace, guidance, and enlightenment. Through the revered perspectives of the Infallibles, we are beckoned to approach the Qur'an with reverence, understanding, and a heart willing to be transformed by its divine light.