Sources for Qur'anic Exegesis

The cornerstone for interpreting the Qur'an is the scripture itself, as it serves to clarify, corroborate, and elucidate its own messages. The principle of explicating the Qur'an through its own verses underscores the profound methodology for accessing Qur'anic knowledge, a subject thoroughly addressed in a dedicated section of this introduction.

Equally vital to Qur'anic exegesis are the traditions of the Infallibles (a.s.), underscored by the widely acknowledged Ḥadīth of Thaqalayn. This narration positions the purified progeny of the Prophet (s.a.w.) as counterparts to the Qur'an itself. To follow one without the other is likened to overlooking both, emphasizing that true adherence involves a confluence of the Qur'an and the traditions. The integration of both the Qur'an and these traditions in Qur'anic interpretation is critical, a topic that will be further explored in subsequent chapters, highlighting the indispensable role of this dual reference in unveiling the multifaceted dimensions of Qur'anic wisdom.

The third foundational source for Qur'anic exegesis is demonstrative reason (ʿaql al-burhān), distinguished by its immunity to the distortions of illusion and the misguidance of imagination. Demonstrative reason, underpinned by established scientific principles, confirms the existence of God and underscores the essential attributes of His unity, life, eternality, pre-eternality, power, knowledge, will, hearing, sight, wisdom, justice, among others. Notably, traditional proofs also corroborate some of these divine attributes.

Thus, if demonstrative reason either affirms or negates a concept, such affirmation or negation should align with the Qur'anic interpretation and not be contradicted by the superficial interpretation of any verse. Moreover, should a verse present multiple interpretations where all but one contradict logical possibilities, the interpretation that aligns with demonstrative reason must be adopted. Conversely, if among several plausible interpretations of a verse, one is deemed illogical by demonstrative reason, that interpretation should be discarded in favor of the others, unless a particular interpretation is demonstrably superior. This approach ensures that Qur'anic exegesis is not only grounded in faith and tradition but is also logically consistent, fostering a harmonious integration of divine revelation with human reason.

It's important to acknowledge that scientific findings should not dictate Qur'anic interpretation. However, definitive scientific arguments, alongside robust empirical, historical, and artistic evidence, can illuminate the meanings and knowledge contained within the Qur'an. Such evidence can act as supporting witnesses, indicators, and contextual aids in understanding the Qur'an's discussions on experimental and historical aspects, among others.

Note

This approach allows for a respectful integration of external knowledge to deepen our comprehension of the Qur'an, ensuring that interpretations remain faithful to the text while being informed by human discovery, but without overstepping into imposition upon the divine scripture.