Skip to content

Endnotes

1. 2:63

2. 94:4

3. 43:32

4. 49:2

5. 24:36

6. 22:26

7. 14:37

8. Abu Ḥayyān states in his exegesis that raising the foundations of the House cannot be attributed to Allah’s command, as there is no explicit text containing such an order (Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/387-389). Firstly, the guidance for the location of the House can be understood from the verse “And [mention]: when We showed Abraham the site of the House” (Qurʾān, 22:26). Secondly, the aforementioned command can be understood from the narrated traditions.

9. A brief explanation is as follows:

a) An external object is either property or not property; if it is property, it is either absolute or restricted (there are other classifications as well, which are not considered here). An external object that is not property, such as a free person; an external object that is absolute property, such as ordinary goods that are subject to buying and selling; and an external object that is restricted property, such as a garden endowed as _waqf_ to provide for the expenses of a mosque, school, etc. One of the conditions for the exchanged items in a sale is that the object of sale must be unrestricted property.

b) Every endowment (_waqf_) results in the removal of the endowed property from the ownership of the endower and the separation of ownership from the owner. However, this separation is not from the principle of ownership, but rather a restriction and confinement of it, except for some endowments where the endowed property is separated from the principle of ownership; such as the land of a mosque, where its endowment is equivalent to freeing a slave, not restricting it while maintaining the principle of ownership.

c) The trustee of endowments that are restricted property while maintaining the principle of ownership for the intended purpose, in addition to preservation, repair, etc., can sell them if necessary and make owner-like or property-like dispositions, such as selling them and converting them into a better endowment. However, such actions are not permissible for a mosque.

10. 5:27

11. 9:54

12. 9:53-54

13. 46:13-16

14. 9:102

15. 42:40

16. 27:89

17. 6:132

18. 46:19

19. 4:145

20. 2:125

21. 3:137

22. 2:130

23. 28:27

24. 3:96

25. 2:125

26. 3:96

27. 43:53

28. 43:54

29. 43:33-35

30. 2:127

31. 2:71; See: Tasnīm, 5/183

32. 26:89

33. Mufradāt, 421, “s l m”

34. Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/392; Al-Kashshāf, 1/188

35. 59:23

36. Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 3/90, “s l m”

37. Mufradāt, 85; Tartīb al-ʿAyn, 1/104, “a m m”

38. Tartīb al-ʿAyn, 1/107, “a m m”

39. Al-Mīzān, 2/124

40. 6:38

41. 3:104; Mufradāt, 86, “a m m”

42. 16:120

43. 12:45

44. 43:22

45. Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa-l-Tanwīr, 1/719

46. Mufradāt, 502 “n s k”

47. 2:196

48. 22:67

49. Al-Miṣbāḥ, 603; Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 5/420, “n s k”

50. Al-Muʿjam al-Wasīṭ, 919, “n s k”

51. 5:39

52. 5:39

53. Al-Taḥqīq, 1/379, “t w b”

54. 2:127

55. 2:127

56. 2:129

57. 26:84

58. 2:131

59. 3:19

60. 49:14

61. 3:85

62. 51:35-36

63. 6:79

64. Al-Mīzān, 1/282

65. 3:83

66. Biḥār al-Anwār, 67/53

67. 37:84

68. 37:102-106

69. 66:6

70. 25:74

71. 3:38

72. 14:36

73. 3:68

74. Biḥār al-Anwār, 10/123

75. See: Biḥār al-Anwār, 47/309 and 349; 73/76

76. 22:78

77. 22:67

78. 5:48

79. 4:105

80. 17:78-79

81. 5:67

82. 21:73

83. 2:199

84. 2:183

85. 6:75

86. Al-Kāfī, 4/202-208

87. 9:117

88. Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid, 582; Mafātīḥ al-Jinān, Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali

89. 16:53

90. 9:104

91. 5:27

92. 7:40

93. 14:35-36

94. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/60-61

95. Al-Kāfī, 4/202-203

96. Ibid., 207

97. 4:105

98. 53:11

99. 17:60

100. 2:260

101. Kashf al-Asrār, 1/361

102. 2:213

103. 36:52

104. 17:79

105. 6:60

106. 6:65

107. Al-Taḥqīq, 1/278, “b ʿ th”

108. Mufradāt, 248; Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 2/91; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/183

109. Al-Miṣbāḥ, 254; Mufradāt, 380-381, “z k a”

110. Al-Taḥqīq, 4/337, “z k w”

111. 9:103

112. Mufradāt, 564, “ʿ z”

113. 22:78

114. 26:84

115. 22:78

116. 13:41

117. 13:41

118. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 192 (Qāṣiʿa), paragraph 53

119. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 192 (Qāṣiʿa), paragraph 53

120. 4:54

121. 14:37

122. 2:127

123. Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/395. The explanation of this narration will be discussed in the narrative section.

124. 2:151

125. 3:164

126. 62:2

127. 14:37

128. 2:124

129. 14:40

130. 37:113

131. 29:27

132. 6:84-86

133. 57:26

134. 11:46

135. 37:75-79

136. 75:18-19

137. 4:77

138. 4:77

139. 2:269. The repeated use of the passive voice in the noble verse “Whoever is given wisdom has certainly been given much good” indicates that lessons and discussions greatly help in benefiting from wisdom; however, one cannot become wise through this alone, rather the central element of wisdom must be bestowed by God Almighty.

140. 17:22-39

141. 31:12

142. 31:13

143. 2:43

144. 9:103

145. 24:27-28

146. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/67

147. 9:74

148. 24:21

149. 91:9

150. 87:14

151. 9:122

152. 87:13

153. 9:28

154. 2:6

155. 2:151

156. 3:164

157. 62:2

158. 91:7-9

159. 2:282

160. 8:29

161. 8:29

162. 2:151

163. 7:40

164. 16:78

165. 55:4

166. 4:113

167. Al-Kāfī, 2/53-54

168. 96:5

169. 2:151

170. 4:165

171. 2:151

172. 2:216

173. 2:151

174. 96:1-3

175. 27:6

176. 4:113

177. 73:5

178. Al-Kāfī, 1/32

179. 33:33

180. 68:4

181. 2:269

182. 7:198

183. Biḥār al-Anwār, 16/321

184. Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/395

185. 61:6

186. Al-Durr al-Manthūr, 1/335

187. 16:125

188. Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 2/415, “r gh b”

189. Mufradāt, p. 358, “r gh b”

190. 9:59

191. 19:46; Al-Taḥqīq, 4/167, “r gh b”

192. Mufradāt, p. 414, “s f h”

193. Al-Kashshāf, 1/189

194. 2:256

195. See: Tafsīr Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn, 1/385; Tafsīr Abī al-Suʿūd, 1/294

196. Talkhīṣ al-Bayān fī Majāzāt al-Qurʾān, p. 118

197. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, 1/609, paraphrased

198. Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 3/292; Al-Taḥqīq, 6/298; Mufradāt, p. 487, “ṣ f w”

199. 22:75

200. 3:33

201. 3:42

202. 2:132

203. 12:38

204. 16:123

205. 3:67

206. 5:48

207. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/69

208. See: Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/69

209. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/69-70

210. 49:7

211. The mention of a human perfection at the beginning of every story in the Qur’an points to the constructive effect of that perfection in the story in question; the mention of growth at the beginning of the instructive story of Prophet Abraham (a.s.) is also of this kind: “And We had certainly given Abraham his sound judgement before, and We were of him well-Knowing. When he said to his father and his people, ‘What are these statues to which you are devoted?’ … They said, ‘Burn him and support your gods, if you are to act.’” (21:51-68)

212. 21:51

213. 11:97

214. Al-Kāfī, 1/11

215. See also: Tawḥīd dar Qurʾān, p. 462

216. 10:32

217. 90:10

218. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 169

219. 17:7. The “lām” in “li-anfusikum” is not a “lām” of benefit, so it cannot be said that in “fa-lahā” it is a “lām” of correspondence, because opposite to “li” when its “lām” is for benefit, “ʿalayhi” is used. In this noble verse, if the “lām” in the first sentence was for benefit, in the second sentence instead of “fa-lahā”, it should have been “fa-ʿalayhā”. Therefore, the “lām” is for specification; meaning that the action, whether good or bad, is specific to the doer and belongs to him and is not separated from him, then its benefit or harm incidentally affects others.

220. 6:104

221. Biḥār al-Anwār, 67/210-212

222. Al-Kāfī, 5/20

223. 78:39

224. 103:1-3

225. 6:20

226. 2:231

227. 2:132

228. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/295

229. 21:71-72

230. 26:83

231. 12:101

232. 7:196

233. Nahj al-Balāgha, Wisdom 32

234. 29:27

235. 16:122

236. 2:201

237. 2:253

238. 17:55

239. 4:69. The blessing referred to in this verse is a special blessing, because when the Holy Qurʾān mentions material blessings, the enjoyment of which is not a sign of honor, it mentions humans and animals together; such as: “The example of worldly life is just like the water which We send down from the sky, and then the vegetation of the earth mingles with it, which is eaten by the people and the cattle.” (Qurʾān, 10:24), “He sent down water from the sky, and thereby We brought forth pairs of diverse plants. Eat, and graze your cattle.” (Qurʾān, 20:53-54), “We poured down water plenteously, then We split the earth into fissures and made the grain grow in it, and vines and vegetables, and olives and date palms, and densely-planted gardens, and fruits and pastures, as a sustenance for you and your cattle.” (Qurʾān, 80:25-32) and so on.

240. 72:4

241. 10:24

242. 20:53-54

243. 80:25-32

244. 2:13

245. 2:142

246. 4:5

247. 4:6

248. Biḥār al-Anwār, 2/32

249. Rawḍ al-Jinān, 2/174

250. 51:21

251. 41:53

252. 53:29-30

253. 65:2

254. 20:124

255. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 1, paragraph 37

256. 43:54

257. 24:40

258. 17:72

259. Al-Kāfī, 1/11

260. Ibid., p. 16

261. Biḥār al-Anwār, 99/202. One of the descriptions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) is also “the one through whom the Merciful is worshipped” (Biḥār al-Anwār, 36/218).

262. Tafsīr al-Qummī, 1/131

263. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/220

264. 37:83

265. 37:83

266. Biḥār al-Anwār, 36/151-152

267. 5:48

268. Biḥār al-Anwār, 16/202

269. 3:61

270. Al-Kāfī, 1/461

271. Biḥār al-Anwār, 37/69

272. Biḥār al-Anwār, 26/16; 36/223 and 281

273. 26:83

274. The secret of Abraham’s growth, the Friend of the Merciful, and the criterion of his way being growth, and his selection and joining the righteous, is his special Islam; that special Islam which was manifested in the difficult test of sacrificing his son and appeared in the soundness of his heart; a sound heart that was full of pure Islam and complete submission and absolute humility. In his perfect witnessing, Abraham saw the submission of the created world to God Almighty, and therefore said: I am submissive to the God to whom all are obedient.

275. Al-Kashshāf, 1/191

276. 6:79

277. 2:128

278. 37:102-105

279. 2:128

280. 37:84

281. Al-Kāfī, 2/16

282. Biḥār al-Anwār, 68/155

283. Al-Tafsīr al-Kāshif, 1/208

284. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/71

285. 21:73

286. 47:19

287. 2:285

288. Kashf al-Asrār, 1/370

289. 41:11

290. 3:83

291. 11:56

292. 48:4

293. Manṭiq al-Ṭayr, p. 194

294. 4:65

295. 3:97

296. Al-Kāfī, 1/67

297. 12:106

298. 57:3

299. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 2/200

300. 26:79-80

301. 16:53

302. Al-Kāfī, 2/45-46

303. Ibid., 8/11

304. Ibid., 2/52

305. Al-Kāfī, 2/42-43

306. See: Mufradāt, p. 873, “w ṣ y”

307. 29:8

308. 19:31

309. Al-Taḥqīq, 13/129, “w ṣ y”

310. 103:3

311. 2:132

312. Al-Taḥqīq, 13/253, “yaʿqūb”

313. 2:180

314. 36:50

315. Al-Kāfī, 5/27-30; Makārim al-Akhlāq, p. 249

316. 42:13

317. 6:153

318. 4:131

319. Based on Yaʿqūb’s reading with naṣb, the noble verse would mean that Abraham also enjoined Jacob to the religion chosen by God.

320. 2:130

321. 66:6

322. 3:19

323. 28:68

324. 33:36

325. 3:185

326. 31:34

327. 6:162-163

328. Al-Kāfī, 2/310-311. This invocation is also reported for the slaughter of the ʿaqīqa (Al-Kāfī, 6/31).

329. Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid; Mafātīḥ al-Jinān, Duʿāʾ Kumayl

330. 12:101

331. Al-Kāfī, 3/127-128: “Nothing is more beloved to Him than extracting his soul” and p. 131: “…He extracts his soul with a gentle extraction.”

332. 103:1-3

333. Al-Kāfī, 2/60

334. Ibid., p. 87

335. Ibid., p. 91

336. Ibid., 8/312

337. 16:65. Soil before being absorbed by plants and before nourishing them is solid and lifeless, and after that, it acquires a vegetative soul.

338. 6:95

339. 3:185

340. Manṭiq al-Ṭayr, p. 245

341. Nahj al-Balāgha, Letter 47

342. Ibid., Letter 23. These two luminous statements are from his (a.s.) testaments after being struck.

343. 3:68

344. 19:15

345. 19:33. Biḥār al-Anwār, 6/158

346. 19:15

347. 19:33

348. 17:64

349. 3:185

350. Al-Kāfī, 3/128-135; Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/210

351. Ghawālī al-Laʾālī, 4/72

352. Biḥār al-Anwār, 23/87

353. Ibid., 27/115

354. Ibid., 39/250

355. Al-Kāfī, 2/21

356. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 190

357. Ibid., Sermon 51

358. Al-Kāfī, 2/418

359. 6:98

360. Al-Kāfī, 2/418

361. Al-Kāfī, 2/419

362. Biḥār al-Anwār, 23/271. In another narration, “_al-_wilāya” is mentioned instead of “bi-wilāya” (Biḥār al-Anwār, 35/331).

363. Al-Kashshāf, 1/192

364. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/401

365. 18:51

366. 6:144

367. 28:38

368. 79:24

369. 7:127

370. 12:39

371. 26:47-48

372. 10:90

373. 2:128

374. 2:131

375. 2:132

376. 25:72

377. 17:7

378. 26:132

379. 26:132-133

380. 9:30

381. 5:73

382. 12:38

383. 12:38-40

384. See: Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/75

385. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/61

386. See: Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 1/21-22

387. Al-Taḥqīq, 3/123-124, “kh w l”

388. Al-Tibyān, 1/477; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/201

389. 2:14

390. 53:39

391. 53:40

392. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/576

393. 11:120

394. 6:164

395. 10:41

396. 34:25

397. 17:7

398. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/577

399. Rūḥ al-Maʿānī, 1/616-617, summarized

400. 53:39

401. See: Raḥma min al-Raḥmān, 1, footnote p. 206-207

402. 53:36-40

403. 52:21

404. 74:38

405. 2:81

406. 83:14

407. 35:10

408. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/576

409. Al-Kashshāf, 1/194

410. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/576

411. 1/577-578

412. 3:95

413. 4:125

414. 12:38

415. 16:123

416. 3:64

417. 2:182

418. 5:3

419. 22:30-31

420. 3:67

421. 6:161

422. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, 1/616

423. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/578

424. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, 1/616

425. 2:111

426. 2:113

427. 2:120

428. 2:145

429. 4:51

430. 5:68

431. 3:113

432. 7:157

433. 48:29

434. 2:146

435. 3:93

436. 5:68

437. 9:30

438. 5:73

439. Al-Mīzān, 6/64-66

440. 109:6

441. 30:30

442. 30:30

443. 2:135

444. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 16

445. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/80-82

446. 2:111

447. 3:67

448. 16:120

449. 3:67

450. 16:120

451. 5:73

452. 9:30

453. 15:91

454. 30:31-32

455. 5:73

456. 9:30

457. 22:31

458. 10:105

459. 16:123

460. Kashf al-Ghiṭāʾ, p. 391

461. 2:111

462. 23:52-53

463. 39:2-3

464. 30:31-32

465. 5:18

466. 62:6-7

467. 5:18

468. 2:96

469. 12:106

470. Nahj al-Balāgha, Wisdom 228

471. 41:6-7

472. Al-Tawḥīd, p. 18

473. Biḥār al-Anwār, 9/175

474. Al-Tawḥīd, p. 30

475. Al-Durr al-Manthūr, 1/338

476. Al-Durr al-Manthūr, 1/338

477. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/61

478. Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn, 1-2/588, “ḥ n f”

479. Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn, 1-2/588, “ḥ n f”

480. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/61

481. Tafsīr al-Qummī, 1/391; Al-Burhān, 1/337

482. 31:12

483. 7:175

484. 45:16

485. 17:101

486. See: Mufradāt, p. 394, “s b ṭ”

487. See: Al-Muʿjam al-Wasīṭ, p. 413, “s b ṭ”

488. See: Al-Muʿjam al-Wasīṭ, p. 685, “f r q”

489. 2:135

490. 2:87

491. 24:48-49

492. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 138

493. 3:84

494. 2:285

495. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/78

496. 4:174

497. 16:44

498. 21:10

499. Nahj al-Balāgha, Sermon 108

500. Ibid., Sermon 147

501. 7:143

502. Existential submission is common among all celestial and terrestrial beings: “Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, ‘Come [into being]:, willingly or unwillingly.’ They said, ‘We have come willingly.’” (41:11). Therefore, the intention is not that the mountain disintegrates because it is existentially obedient; rather, the purpose is that the knowledge of the Qurʾān is at the highest peak of eminence and sanctity. This is because, apart from its own perfections in knowledge and value, it is the source of supreme life for individuals and society, and nothing is more important than a life-giving factor, although unfortunately some do not benefit from it. The source of this deprivation is the lack of necessary contemplation: “…And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.” (59:21)

503. 73:5

504. 26:193-194

505. 59:21

506. 9:6

507. Biḥār al-Anwār, 82/34: Al-Riḍā (a.s.) would say secretly “Here I am, O Allah, here I am” whenever he recited “O you who have believed”.

508. Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, 2/124; Biḥār al-Anwār, 82/34

509. Bayān al-Saʿāda, 1/148, with editing.

510. 80:13-16

511. 53:3-4

512. 72:26-28

513. Biḥār al-Anwār, 86/13; Ithbāt al-Hudāt, 1/275

514. 8:42

515. 16:44

516. 3:84

517. 9:36

518. 5:68

519. See: Al-Kāfī, 8/246; Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/62

520. Ālāʾ al-Raḥmān, 1/252

521. 6:84-89

522. 31:12

523. 6:89

524. 2:87

525. 2:136; Qurʾān, 3:84

526. 2:285

527. 4:150-151

528. 4:152

529. 15:80

530. 2:253

531. 17:55

532. 42:13

533. See: Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 3/92

534. 2:137

535. Al-Kāfī, 1/415-416; Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/62, with slight differences. This narration, considering the relevance of part of it to the next verse, will also be mentioned in the narrative discussion of that verse.

536. Biḥār al-Anwār, 26/312

537. Ibid., 11/47

538. 12:95. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 2/194. This narration is also reported on page 195 of the same exegesis with slight differences in the chain of narrators and the wording of the text.

539. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 2/192

540. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 2/194

541. Ibid., p. 197

542. Ibid., 1/62

543. Al-Durr al-Manthūr, 1/339

544. Rūḥ al-Bayān, 1/618

545. Raḥmat min al-Raḥmān, 1, footnote p. 208

546. Al-Tibyān, 1/481-482; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/405

547. See: Al-Miṣbāḥ, 1-2/319; Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha, 3/170; Al-Taḥqīq, 6/105, “sh q q

548. 11:89

549. 6:74

550. 7:66

551. 6:91

552. 8:13

553. Al-Mīzān, 1/312

554. Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa-l-Tanwīr, 1/720

555. 3:19

556. 2:136

557. 3:84

558. 3:85

559. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/410

560. 3:64

561. Al-Kashshāf, 1/195

562. 9:30

563. 5:73

564. 2:91

565. 105:5

566. 42:11

567. Al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, part 2/133

568. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, 1/443; Al-Tibyān, 1/484

569. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 3/93

570. Al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, part 2/142-143

571. Al-Tibyān, 1/284

572. 4:115

573. 8:13

574. 39:36

575. 9:129

576. 8:64

577. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, 1/410

578. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/85

579. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, 1/444; Al-Tibyān, 1/484; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/406

580. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, 4/85

581. 4:115

582. 2:148

583. 8:13

584. 47:32

585. 59:4

586. 8:12

587. 15:94-95

588. 3:123-124

589. 33:25

590. 2:136

591. Al-Kāfī, 1/215-216; Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1/62, with slight variation

592. Majmaʿ al-Bayān, 1-2/406