Harmony of Verses

In this verse and the two that follow, as well as in the preceding verses, the emphasis lies on the creed, worship, and submission of Abraham and Ishmael. Both Jews and Christians claim to honor and follow these two great prophets, and the polytheists of Quraysh also considered themselves connected to them, asserting that they adhered to the religion of Abraham.

If the primary addressees of these verses are indeed the Jews and Christians—specifically, the descendants of Israel and Jacob—then the mention of the polytheists serves as a secondary point. The central aim of the verse becomes a powerful condemnation of the ignorance displayed by the People of the Book regarding Abraham’s faith. This intent is evident from the context and tone of the preceding verses, especially with the repeated address, “O Children of Israel” in verse 2:122, and the following verses that discuss Jacob and his children. It is as though this verse is directed at the Jews and Christians—who disregard the Kaaba and the Sacred Mosque and maintain a different direction of prayer—stating that the founders of the Kaaba are, in fact, Abraham and Ishmael.

The subsequent two verses highlight the monotheistic and submissive spirit of Abraham, underscoring the vast difference between the beliefs of the Jews and Christians and the creed of that noble figure. These verses convey that the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.), whom they so stubbornly reject, is a descendant of Abraham and a reviver of his creed. Furthermore, his prophethood was granted through the supplication of that esteemed forebear.